Depression is a common experience, but it is highly treatable with therapy. Symptoms often include persistent low mood for most of the day, nearly every day, and a loss of pleasure in activities for at least a two-week period. Physical symptoms may include changes in appetite, weight, and sleep patterns, as well as feelings of restlessness, irritability, or lethargy. Psychological symptoms may include feelings of worthlessness and frequent thoughts about death.
Depression can also affect motivation, making it difficult to carry out everyday activities, even leaving the house. It often involves negative thoughts about self-worth and assumptions about how others perceive or judge you.
Therapy provides a well-evidenced starting point for improvement. By exploring the issues contributing to depression and making gradual changes, it is possible to feel better and live well. More information on depression is provided below.
"If you know someone who's depressed, please resolve never to ask them why. Depression isn't a straightforward response to a bad situation; depression just is, like the weather." – Stephen Fry
Depression is common. Studies show that up to 10% of people in England will experience depression in their lifetime. Mixed anxiety and depression is the most common mental health disorder in Britain, affecting around 8% of people clinically. Many people experience temporary low moods, but depression persists for weeks, months, or even longer.
A diagnosis is usually made when deeper, longer-lasting periods of low mood and unhappiness are accompanied by a range of symptoms:
Depression can develop gradually, and sometimes it takes a friend or family member to recognize it. Everyone experiences depression differently, both physically and psychologically. This is not a state of mind that can be "snapped out of"—a severe depressive episode can leave you housebound and struggling with even basic tasks.
Depression is classified as a mood disorder and is typically described as mild, moderate, or severe:
Causes are often complex, involving social, psychological, and biological factors. Life events such as bereavement, trauma, unemployment, or relationship breakdowns can trigger or exacerbate depression, creating a vicious cycle where symptoms lead to further stress and hopelessness. Biological factors, such as hormonal changes or low testosterone, can also play a role.
Most people recover from depression, but it can persist or recur for some. It is important to keep your doctor informed, as antidepressants may be prescribed (see resources page for further information). Talking therapy has proven effectiveness in treating depression and reducing the risk of recurrence. The NHS typically offers short courses of CBT, though wait times can be long, and many people choose to see a private therapist.
Self-help strategies include:
There are many helpful resources, such as Mind (see resources page). Stephen Fry's analogy of depression to "the weather" captures the sense of being overwhelmed by forces beyond your control. Depression can feel like a persistent low mood draining color and energy from life. Help is available, and small steps today can begin the recovery process.
Living with depression can be challenging not only for the person affected but also for friends and family. If you are supporting someone, remember to take care of your own well-being too.
Depression is a common experience, but it is very treatable with therapy. Symptoms often include low mood most of the day, nearly every day, and a loss of interest or pleasure in activities, typically lasting at least two weeks. Other signs may include changes in appetite, weight, sleep, or concentration, as well as feelings of restlessness, irritability, or lethargy. Psychologically, depression can involve feelings of worthlessness or frequent thoughts about death.
Depression can also affect motivation, making even simple tasks—like leaving the house—feel difficult. It can impact how you see yourself and assumptions about how others perceive you.
Therapy is a proven starting point. Talking through the issues contributing to depression, and beginning to make positive changes, can help you feel better and regain control over your life.
Depression varies in severity: mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the impact on daily life. Causes are often complex, involving social, psychological, and biological factors. Difficult life events—such as bereavement, trauma, relationship breakdowns, or unemployment—can trigger or worsen depressive episodes. Biological factors, like hormonal changes, can also contribute.
Therapy can help reduce the intensity of symptoms, explore underlying causes, and develop strategies to prevent recurrence. For immediate support or if symptoms are severe, contact your GP or local mental health services.